Indwara
Uburyo bwo Kwita kuri Holistic Alzheimer
Umwirondoro
Indwara ya Alzheimer (AD), mu magambo ahinnye y'ijambo ryayo ry'icyongereza, ni bwo buryo bwo guta umutwe cyane ku bageze mu zabukuru. Byangiza imitekerereze yumurwayi, kwibuka, nubwigenge, bigira ingaruka kumibereho yabo no gupfa.
Ikigo gishinzwe ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge muri Amerika (FDA) cyasobanuye ko ari "indwara yangiza." Ku isi hose, nk'uko raporo ya World Alzheimer Report 2018 yashyizwe ahagaragara na Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI) ibivuga, kuri ubu ku isi hari byibuze miliyoni 50 z'abarwayi bo mu mutwe. Kugeza mu 2050, bivugwa ko izagera kuri miliyoni 152, hafi 60% - 70% by'abanduye ni abarwayi ba Alzheimer.
Ikibazo cyo kuvura Alzheimer ni ukubera ko uburyo bwacyo bwindwara butumvikana neza. Kugeza ubu, byemewe cyane ko ubusumbane hagati yisekuru no gukuraho β-amyloide (Aβ) bifatwa nkibintu bitera neurodegeneration no gutangira guta umutwe. Urwego rudasanzwe rwa β-amyloide ikora plaque hagati yubwonko bwubwonko, aribwo neurotoxic kandi biganisha ku kwangirika kwa neuronal.
Indwara
Indwara irashobora kuba itsinda ryimiterere itandukanye, ikomoka kubintu bitandukanye (harimo nibinyabuzima na psychosocial). Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ibintu birenga 30 bishobora kubaho hamwe na hypotheses, nk'amateka y'umuryango, igitsina gore, ihungabana ry'umutwe, urwego rwo hasi rw'uburezi, indwara ya tiroyide, imyaka y'ababyeyi yateye imbere cyangwa yatinze, kwandura virusi, n'ibindi.
Clinical Featur
Intangiriro yindwara iratinda cyangwa ifite amayeri, akenshi biragoye kubarwayi nimiryango yabo kubimenya. Bikunze kugaragara cyane kubantu barengeje imyaka 70 (impuzandengo yimyaka yo gutangira ni 73 kubagabo na 75 kubagore). Rimwe na rimwe, ibimenyetso bigaragara vuba nyuma yuburwayi bwumubiri, kuvunika, cyangwa guhangayika. Indwara yiganje cyane ku bagore (3: 1 igipimo cy'abagabo). Ibimenyetso nyamukuru birimo kugabanuka gahoro gahoro mumikorere yubwenge, ibimenyetso byindwara zo mumutwe, ihungabana ryimyitwarire, no gutakaza buhoro buhoro ubushobozi bwubuzima bwa buri munsi. Iterambere ryashyizwe mubyiciro bitatu bishingiye ku kwangirika kwubushobozi bwubwenge nibikorwa byumubiri.
Icyiciro cyo guta umutwe (imyaka 1-3). Ibimenyetso birimo gutakaza kwibuka, cyane cyane mubyabaye vuba aha; kugabanuka k'urubanza, hamwe n'ingorane zo gusesengura, gutekereza, no gukemura ibibazo bikomeye; uburangare mu kazi cyangwa imirimo yo murugo, kudashobora gucunga ibintu cyangwa ibibazo byamafaranga wigenga, nibibazo byimibereho. Nubwo umurwayi ashobora gukora imirimo imenyerewe ya buri munsi, barwana nibikorwa bishya, bagaragaza kutita kumarangamutima, gutotezwa rimwe na rimwe, kandi akenshi bakekwa. Hariho urugamba hamwe nigihe cyerekezo hamwe ningorabahizi mugutahura aho utuye. Amagambo make hamwe no kwita amazina ingorane nabyo birasanzwe.
Icyiciro cyo guta umutwe giciriritse (imyaka 2-10). Ibimenyetso bigizwe nubumuga bukabije haba mugihe gito nigihe kirekire cyo kwibuka, kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwimyanya igaragara kubintu byoroshye, hamwe ningorane mugihe hamwe nicyerekezo. Abarwayi bahura ningorane mugukemura ibibazo, gutandukanya ibisa nibitandukaniro hagati yibintu, kandi bakishingikiriza kumfashanyo yibikorwa byo hanze, kwambara, isuku yumuntu, no kwirimbisha. Batakaza ubushobozi bwabo bwo kubara no kwerekana ibimenyetso bitandukanye byubwonko nka apasia, apraxia, na agnosia. Kutita ku marangamutima bihinduka mu gutuza, guhora uzerera, no kudacika intege.
Icyiciro cyo guta umutwe (imyaka 8-12). Abarwayi batunzwe rwose nabarezi, bahura nibuka cyane nibice bisigaye byo kwibuka. Ntibashobora kuyobora ibikorwa byubuzima bwa buri munsi, bahura no kutagira amara no kugenzura uruhago. Bashobora kwerekana guceceka, gukomera, no gusuzuma umubiri bishobora kwerekana ibimenyetso byiza byerekana uruhare rwa piramide, refleks ya primitique nko gufata cyane, gufata, no kwonka. Amaherezo, barashobora kunyerera muri koma kandi mubisanzwe bagwa mubibazo nkindwara.
Ikizamini
Isuzuma ryubwenge: Harimo ibikoresho nka Mini-Mental State Ikizamini (MMSE) kugirango dusuzume imikorere yubwenge.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana amashusho: Ubwonko bwa MRI na CT bwifashishwa mukwirinda izindi mpamvu zitera ubumuga bwubwenge no kumenya impinduka mumiterere yubwonko.
Electroencephalogramu (EEG): Isuzuma impinduka mubikorwa byamashanyarazi yubwonko.
Biomarkers: Amaraso amwe cyangwa cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers irashobora gufasha mugupima.
Gusuzuma
Gupima indwara ya Alzheimer mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gukuramo izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ubumuga bwo kutamenya kandi bishingiye ku bimenyetso by’umurwayi, isuzuma ry’amavuriro, n’ubushakashatsi bwerekana amashusho. Kugeza ubu, haracyasabwa isuzuma ry’indwara kugira ngo hemezwe neza ko indwara ya Alzheimer isuzumwe.