Cuta
Nuolai Biomedical Comprehensive Autism Support
Etiology
Abubuwan da ke haifar da autism za a iya rarraba su a matsayin kwayoyin halitta, kamuwa da cuta da rigakafi, da ƙarfafawa daga abubuwan da ke faruwa na jiki da na sinadarai.
Abubuwan Halitta
Nazarin tagwaye ya nuna adadin haɗin kai na Autism a cikin tagwayen monozygotic kamar 61% zuwa 90%, yayin da ba a lura da wani muhimmin yarjejeniya a cikin tagwayen dizygotic. Ƙididdigar yawan maimaitawa tsakanin 'yan'uwa yana kusa da 4.5%. Waɗannan abubuwan lura suna ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin halitta ga Autism.
Kamuwa da cuta da Kariya Factors
Binciken da aka yi tun a ƙarshen shekarun 1970 ya nuna ƙarin yuwuwar 'ya'ya su haɓaka Autism idan iyaye mata sun sami kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta yayin daukar ciki. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya kuma ba da shawarar yiwuwar dangantaka tsakanin cututtuka na haihuwa da kuma Autism. Kwayoyin cututtuka da aka sani sun hada da cutar rubella, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, syphilis spirochetes, da toxoplasma gondii. Ana hasashe cewa ƙwayoyin rigakafi da waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta ke samarwa, suna wucewa ta cikin mahaifa zuwa cikin jikin tayin, suna haifar da amsawar rigakafi tare da haɓakar tsarin juyayi na tayin, yana rushe ci gabanta na yau da kullun kuma yana haifar da Autism.
Ƙarfafawa daga Abubuwan Jiki da Sinadarai na Haihuwa
Bayyanar da mata masu juna biyu da wuri zuwa magunguna kamar abubuwan valproic acid ko magungunan antiepileptic, da kuma shan barasa, na iya ƙara yuwuwar 'ya'yansu su haɓaka Autism [13-14]. Bisa ga waɗannan binciken, gudanar da allurar intraperitoneal mai girma guda ɗaya na sodium valproate zuwa berayen a cikin kwanaki 12.5 na ciki ya haifar da zuriyar da ke nuna dabi'u masu kama da Autism. Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya gano cewa fallasa berayen masu juna biyu zuwa abubuwan motsa jiki mai daskarewa kuma yana haɓaka yuwuwar zuriyar ta haɓaka Autism, tare da waɗannan zuriyar suna nuna halayen halayen Autism.
Bayyanar Clinical
Wannan cuta yawanci tana farawa ne a cikin watanni 36 da haihuwa kuma galibi tana da alamomin asali guda uku: matsalolin hulɗar zamantakewa, nakasar sadarwa, ƙuntataccen buƙatu, da kuma yanayin maimaita halaye.
Bincike
Ya kamata a gudanar da bincike bisa cikakken kima na tarihin likita, gwaje-gwaje na jiki da na jijiya, kimantawa na tabin hankali, da sakamakon gwajin taimako.
Mahimman wuraren bincike sun haɗa da: ① farawa a cikin watanni 36; ② bayyanar farko na matsalolin hulɗar zamantakewa, lalacewar sadarwa, ƙuntataccen bukatu, da kuma yanayin maimaita halaye; ③ ban da wasu yanayi kamar ciwon Rett, ciwon Heller, Ciwon Asperger, da kuma rashin ci gaban harshe da magana. Idan farkon ya faru bayan watanni 36 ko bai gabatar da duk ainihin alamun cutar ba, ana ɗaukar ganewar asali atypical autism.
Rett Syndrome
An samo shi a cikin 'yan mata kawai, yawanci yana farawa tsakanin watanni 7-24. Kafin farawa, ana lura da ci gaba na al'ada. Koyaya, bayan farawa, ana samun raguwar girman kai, saurin hasarar harshe da aka samu da damar mu'amalar zamantakewa, tawaya ta hankali mai tsanani, asarar motsin hannu mai ma'ana, da motsin hannu da ba daidai ba (kamar motsin hannu ko karkatar da yatsa). Sau da yawa yana tare da haɓakar iska, rashin kwanciyar hankali, ataxia na truncal, curvature na kashin baya, da kamawa. Yanayin yana ci gaba da sauri tare da rashin fahimta.
Ciwon Yari (Heller Syndrome)
Wannan cuta galibi tana farawa kusan shekaru 2-3, tare da cikakken ci gaba na al'ada kafin farawa. Bayan haka, akwai saurin koma baya na hankali, da kuma iyawar da aka samu daban-daban (ciki har da harshe, hulɗar jama'a, da ikon kula da kai) cikin sauri suna raguwa ko ma bace.
Asperger's Syndrome
Har ila yau, an san shi da cutar Asperger, yana raba wasu siffofi masu kama da autism na yara, yawanci ana lura da su a cikin yara maza. Alamun yawanci suna bayyana a kusan shekaru 7, galibi suna nuna wahalhalu a cikin sadarwar mutum-mutumi, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ra'ayi, da sha'awar maimaitawa da tsarin ɗabi'a. Babu bayyanannen harshe da lahani na hankali.
Bambance-bambancen Harshe ko Karɓa
Yaran da ke fama da wannan cuta da farko suna nuna nakasu a cikin furcin harshe ko iya fahimtar fahimta, tare da matakin ilimi na al'ada ko na kusa da na yau da kullun (IQ ≥ 70), kyakkyawar sadarwa mara magana, ba tare da lahani mai inganci a cikin hulɗar zamantakewa ba, ƙuntataccen bukatu, ko tsarin halayen maimaitawa. .
Yarinya Schizophrenia
Wannan yanayin yakan fara ne tun kafin samartaka da kuma samartaka, tare da ci gaba na al'ada kafin kamuwa da cuta. Sannu a hankali, alamomi irin su hallucination, rikice-rikicen tunani, rashin tausayi ko rashin jituwa, rashin son kai, da halayen ban mamaki na schizophrenia suna bayyana, suna taimakawa wajen bambanta.
Nakasa Hankali
Yaran da ke da wannan cuta ba su da lahani a cikin hulɗar zamantakewa, kuma ko da yake matakin yaren su bai isa ba, ya dace da matakin basirarsu. Duk da haka, idan yaro a lokaci guda ya gabatar da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na autism da jinkirin ci gaban basira, ana buƙatar la'akari da duk alamun cutar.