Parkinsonism

Ba a san ainihin dalilin cutar Parkinson ba. Abubuwan da suka hada da kwayoyin halitta, tasirin muhalli, tsufa, damuwa na oxidative, da lalacewa da mutuwar PD dopaminergic neurons na iya taka rawa a cikin tsarin cutar.

tsufa

Duk abin da ya faru da kuma yaduwar PD yana ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. PD sau da yawa yana bayyana bayan shekaru 60, yana nuna haɗin gwiwa tare da tsufa. Bayanai sun nuna raguwar ci gaba a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta na nigra dopaminergic a cikin manya na yau da kullun yayin da suke tsufa. Koyaya, yawancin PD tsakanin mutane sama da 65 ba su da girma sosai, yana nuna tsufa azaman ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan haɗari ga PD.

Abubuwan Halitta

Matsayin abubuwan kwayoyin halitta a farkon PD yana samun ganewa. Tun lokacin da aka gano kwayar cutar ta farko don PD, alpha-synuclein (PARK1), a cikin ƙarshen 1990s, aƙalla ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta guda shida sun haɗu da PD iyali. Koyaya, kawai 5-10% na shari'o'in PD suna da tarihin dangi, tare da mafi yawan lokuta na lokaci-lokaci. Abubuwan Halittu kuma ɗaya ne daga cikin abubuwa da yawa da ke ba da gudummawa ga farkon PD.

Dalilan Muhalli

A cikin 1980s, masu bincike na Amurka da Langston ya jagoranta sun gano cewa wasu masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi suna saurin haifar da alamun cututtuka irin na Parkinson, kuma levodopa ya tabbatar da tasiri. Sun gano wani abu na neurotoxic, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), a cikin kwayar tabar heroin da waɗannan mutane ke cinyewa. An canza MPTP a cikin kwakwalwa zuwa cikin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion mai guba (MPP +), wanda zaɓaɓɓe ya shiga dopaminergic neurons na substantia nigra, yana hana hadaddun sarkar numfashi na mitochondrial I, yana haifar da halayen danniya, da haifar da lalacewa mutuwar dopaminergic neurons. Masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa rashin aikin mitochondrial na iya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan PD. Nazarin da suka biyo baya a cikin marasa lafiya na PD na farko sun tabbatar da raguwar zaɓi a cikin hadaddun sarkar numfashi na mitochondrial I a cikin substantia nigra. Wasu magungunan herbicides da magungunan kashe kwari suna raba tsarin sinadarai tare da MPTP. Gano MPTP ya haifar da fahimtar cewa wasu sinadarai masu kama da MPTP a cikin muhalli na iya zama abubuwan da ke ba da gudummawa ga PD. Koyaya, kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi da aka fallasa ga MPTP sun haɓaka PD, suna ba da shawarar cewa PD na iya haifar da abubuwa da yawa da ke hulɗa.

Sauran Abubuwa

Bugu da ƙari ga tsufa da abubuwan kwayoyin halitta, abubuwa irin su raunin kwakwalwa, shan taba, shan kofi, da dai sauransu, na iya ƙarawa ko rage haɗarin haɓaka PD. Shan taba yana da alaƙa da abin da ya faru na PD, tabbataccen ƙarshe a cikin binciken da yawa. Caffeine kuma yana nuna irin tasirin kariya. Rashin raunin kwakwalwa mai tsanani na iya ƙara haɗarin haɓaka PD.

A taƙaice, Cutar Parkinson na iya haifar da mu'amalar abubuwa masu yawa na kwayoyin halitta da muhalli.

Alamomin cutar Parkinson sun haɗa da:

Girgizawa: Yawanci yana faruwa a lokacin hutu, kamar girgizar hannu yayin hutu.

Rigidity na Muscle: Ƙarfafawa da juriya ga motsin motsi wanda ke haifar da iyakacin motsi.

Slow Motsi: Motsi yana zama a hankali, kuma tafiya ya zama ƙarami kuma yana jujjuyawa.

Ma'auni na Ma'auni: Halin matsalolin daidaitawa da rashin kwanciyar hankali.

Alamomin da ba na Mota ba: Waɗannan sun haɗa da baƙin ciki, damuwan barci, rashin fahimta, da sauransu.

Gwajin Neurological: Likitoci suna tantance matsayin tsarin jijiya ta hanyar nazarin iyawar motsa jiki, matsayi, da daidaituwa.

Nazarin Hoto: Ana amfani da kwakwalwar MRI ko CT scans don yin watsi da wasu abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da alamun.

DaTscan: Binciken likitancin nukiliya yana taimakawa wajen kimanta aikin tsarin dopamine.

Binciken cutar Parkinson ya dogara da alamun asibiti da gwaje-gwaje na jiki, kuma yawanci babu takamaiman gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ganewar asali. Likitoci na iya tantancewa bisa ga ka'idojin bincike don PD (kamar waɗanda ke UK Parkinson's Disease Society) don dalilai na kimantawa.