Cuta
Hanyar Kulawa ta Holistic Alzheimer
Bayanan martaba
Cutar Alzheimer (AD), wacce aka rage daga kalmar Ingilishi, ita ce mafi yawan nau'in cutar hauka a cikin tsofaffi. Yana lalata tunanin majiyyaci, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da 'yancin kai, yana shafar ingancin rayuwarsu da mace-mace.
Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ta bayyana ta a matsayin "cuta mai muni." A duk duniya, bisa ga rahoton Alzheimer na 2018 da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka ta Duniya (ADI) ta fitar, a halin yanzu akwai aƙalla marasa lafiya miliyan 50 a duk duniya. A shekara ta 2050, an kiyasta ya kai miliyan 152, tare da kusan kashi 60-70% na lokuta masu cutar Alzheimer.
Kalubalen magance cutar Alzheimer ya ta'allaka ne a cikin gaskiyar cewa ba a fahimci tsarin cutar ta ba. A halin yanzu, an yarda da cewa rashin daidaituwa tsakanin tsararraki da sharewa na β-amyloid (Aβ) ana la'akari da abin da ya fara haifar da neurodegeneration da kuma farawar lalata. Matakan da ba na al'ada ba na β-amyloid suna samar da plaques tsakanin jijiyoyi na kwakwalwa, waɗanda ke da neurotoxic kuma suna haifar da lalacewar neuronal.
Etiology
Cutar na iya zama rukuni na yanayi daban-daban, wanda ke tasowa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar dalilai daban-daban (ciki har da abubuwan ilimin halitta da na zamantakewa). Bincike ya nuna fiye da 30 m dalilai da hasashe, kamar tarihin iyali, jinsin mata, ciwon kai, ƙananan matakin ilimi, cutar thyroid, ci gaba ko jinkirta shekarun haihuwa, cututtuka na hoto, da sauransu.
Siffar Clinical
Farkon cutar a hankali ne ko kuma na yaudara, sau da yawa yana da wahala ga marasa lafiya da danginsu su gane. Ya fi kowa a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 70 (matsakaicin shekarun farawa shine 73 ga maza da 75 na mata). A wasu lokuta, alamun bayyanar suna bayyana da sauri bayan cututtuka na jiki, karaya, ko damuwa na tunani. Cutar ta fi yawa a cikin mata (rabo 3: 1 ga maza). Manyan alamomin sun haɗa da raguwar aikin fahimi a hankali, alamun tabin hankali, rikicewar ɗabi'a, da raguwar iyawar rayuwar yau da kullun. An rarraba ci gaban zuwa matakai uku bisa ga tabarbarewar iyawar fahimta da ayyukan jiki.
Matsayi mai sauƙi (shekaru 1-3). Alamun sun haɗa da asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, musamman a cikin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan; rage hukunci, tare da wahalhalu na nazari, tunani, da magance matsaloli masu rikitarwa; rashin kulawa a cikin ayyuka ko ayyukan gida, rashin iya sarrafa sayayya ko al'amuran kuɗi da kansu, da matsalolin zamantakewa. Kodayake majiyyaci na iya yin ayyukan yau da kullum da suka saba, suna kokawa tare da sababbin ayyuka, suna nuna rashin tausayi, tashin hankali na lokaci-lokaci, da kuma sau da yawa zato. Akwai gwagwarmaya tare da daidaitawar lokaci da wahala wajen fahimtar wurare na yanki. Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamus da matsalolin suna su ma sun zama gama gari.
Matsayin lalata matsakaici (shekaru 2-10). Alamun sun ƙunshi rashin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ɗan gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci, rage iyawar sararin gani don tsari mai sauƙi, da matsaloli a cikin lokaci da daidaitawar wuri. Marasa lafiya suna fuskantar ƙalubale wajen warware matsala, bambance kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance tsakanin abubuwa, kuma sun dogara ga taimako don ayyukan waje, sutura, tsaftar mutum, da kuma ado. Sun rasa ikon yin lissafi kuma suna nuna alamun cututtuka daban-daban kamar aphasia, apraxia, da agnosia. Rashin sha'awar tunani yana canzawa zuwa rashin natsuwa, yawo akai-akai, da rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Matsayin ciwon hauka mai tsanani (shekaru 8-12). Marasa lafiya gabaɗaya sun dogara ga masu ba da kulawa, suna fuskantar babban asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da guntuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kawai. Sun kasa sarrafa ayyukan rayuwar yau da kullun, suna fuskantar rashin natsuwa a cikin kula da hanji da mafitsara. Suna iya nuna shiru, dagewa, da jarrabawar jiki na iya bayyana ingantattun alamun shigar pyramidal, daɗaɗɗen ra'ayi kamar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, gungu, da tsotsa. A ƙarshe, za su iya shiga cikin suma kuma yawanci su faɗi ga rikitarwa kamar cututtuka.
jarrabawa
Ƙimar fahimi: Haɗe da kayan aiki irin su Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Jiha (MMSE) don kimanta aikin fahimi.
Nazarin Hoto: Ana amfani da Brain MRI da CT scans don yin watsi da wasu dalilai na rashin fahimta da kuma gano canje-canje a cikin tsarin kwakwalwa.
Electroencephalogram (EEG): Yana kimanta canje-canje a cikin ayyukan lantarki na kwakwalwa.
Ma'aikatan halitta: Wasu jini ko masu biomarkers na ruwa na cerebrospinal na iya taimakawa wajen gano cutar.
Bincike
Fahimtar cutar Alzheimer yawanci ya haɗa da ban da wasu abubuwan da za su iya haifar da rashin fahimta kuma yana dogara ne akan alamun majiyyaci, ƙididdigar asibiti, da nazarin hoto. A halin yanzu, har yanzu ana buƙatar gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta don tabbatar da cikakkiyar ganewar cutar Alzheimer.