Matenda
Nuolai Biomedical Comprehensive Autism Support
Etiology
Zomwe zimayambitsa autism zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu monga majini, matenda ndi chitetezo chokwanira, komanso kukondoweza kuchokera kuzinthu zakuthupi ndi mankhwala.
Genetic Factors
Kafukufuku wamapasa amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa concordance kwa autism mu mapasa a monozygotic kufika pa 61% mpaka 90%, pamene palibe concordance yofunika yomwe imawonedwa m'mapasa a dizygotic. Chiyerekezo chobwerezabwereza pakati pa abale ndi pafupifupi 4.5%. Malingaliro awa akuwonetsa chibadwa cha autism.
Infection ndi Immunity Factors
Kafukufuku wakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 adawonetsa kuchuluka kwa mwayi wa ana kukhala ndi autism ngati amayi adakumana ndi ma virus pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati. Kafukufuku wotsatira adawonetsanso ubale womwe ungakhalepo pakati pa matenda am'mimba ndi autism. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda todziwika bwino timaphatikizapo rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, syphilis spirochetes, ndi toxoplasma gondii. Akuti ma antibodies opangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, akudutsa mu placenta kulowa m'thupi la fetal, amayambitsa kuyankha kwa chitetezo chamthupi ndi dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe likukula, kusokoneza kukula kwake kwabwinobwino ndipo kumabweretsa autism.
Kukondoweza kuchokera ku Prenatal Physical and Chemical Factors
Kudziwitsidwa kwa amayi apakati kumankhwala monga valproic acid kapena mankhwala oletsa khunyu, komanso kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kumatha kukulitsa mwayi wa ana awo kukhala ndi autism [13-14]. Malinga ndi maphunzirowa, kupereka jekeseni imodzi ya sodium valproate kwa makoswe pamasiku 12.5 oyembekezera kunapangitsa kuti ana awonetsere makhalidwe ofanana ndi autism. Kuonjezera apo, kafukufuku anapeza kuti kuyamwitsa makoswe apakati kuti azizizira mobwerezabwereza kumawonjezera mwayi wa ana kukhala ndi autism, ndipo anawa amasonyeza makhalidwe a autism.
Chiwonetsero cha Zachipatala
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba mkati mwa miyezi 36 ndipo amadziwika ndi zizindikiro zitatu zazikuluzikulu: zovuta kuyanjana ndi anthu, kusokonekera kwa kulumikizana, zokonda zoletsedwa, komanso machitidwe obwerezabwereza.
Matenda
Kuzindikira kuyenera kupangidwa potengera mbiri yachipatala, kuyezetsa thupi ndi minyewa, kuunika kwamisala, ndi zotsatira za mayeso othandizira.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zowunikira ndi: ① kuyambira mkati mwa miyezi 36; ② ziwonetsero zazikulu zazovuta zamayanjano, kusokonekera kwa kulumikizana, zokonda zoletsedwa, ndi machitidwe obwerezabwereza; ③ kupatula zinthu zina monga matenda a Rett, matenda a Heller, matenda a Asperger, komanso vuto lachilankhulidwe komanso kalankhulidwe. Ngati kuyambika kumachitika pakatha miyezi 36 kapena kulibe zizindikiro zonse zazikulu, matendawa amatengedwa ngati atypical autism.
Rett Syndrome
Amapezeka mwa atsikana okha, nthawi zambiri amayamba pakati pa miyezi 7-24. Asanayambe, kukula kwabwinobwino kumawonedwa. Komabe, zikangoyamba kumene, mutu umakula pang’onopang’ono, kutayika kofulumira kwa chinenero chimene anthu amaphunzira komanso kulankhulana bwino, kulumala kwambiri, kulumala kwanzeru, kulephera kusuntha manja mwadala, komanso kusuntha manja kwachikalekale (monga kusamba m’manja kapena kupotokola zala). Nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi hyperventilation, kuyenda kosakhazikika, truncal ataxia, kupindika kwa msana, ndi khunyu. Matendawa amapita patsogolo mofulumira ndi kusazindikira bwino.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (Heller Syndrome)
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba pafupifupi zaka 2-3, ndi chitukuko chokwanira bwino chisanayambike. Pambuyo pake, luntha limatha msanga, ndipo maluso osiyanasiyana opezedwa (kuphatikizapo chinenero, kucheza ndi anthu, ndi luso lodzisamalira) amachepa msanga kapena ngakhale kutha.
Asperger's Syndrome
Amadziwikanso kuti Asperger's disorder, amagawana zinthu zina zofanana ndi zaubwana wa autism, zomwe zimawonedwa makamaka mwa anyamata. Zizindikiro zimawonekera pakadutsa zaka 7, makamaka kuwonetsa zovuta pakulankhulana ndi anthu, zocheperako, zongoyerekeza, komanso zokonda zobwerezabwereza komanso machitidwe. Palibe zilankhulo zowoneka bwino komanso zolakwika zaluntha.
Kusokonezeka kwa Chinenero Chomveka Kapena Chomvera
Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli amakhala ndi vuto la chilankhulo kapena luso lomvetsetsa, ali ndi luntha labwinobwino kapena loyandikira kwambiri (IQ ≥ 70), kulankhulana bwino popanda mawu, popanda zilema zamakhalidwe, zokonda zoletsedwa, kapena machitidwe obwerezabwereza. .
Childhood Schizophrenia
Mkhalidwewu umayamba makamaka unyamata ndi unyamata, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro monga kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kusokonezeka maganizo, kusagwirizana m'maganizo kapena kusagwirizana, kusowa kudzipereka, ndi khalidwe lodabwitsa la schizophrenia zimawonekera, zomwe zimathandiza kusiyanitsa.
Luntha la Luntha
Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli alibe zilema zamakhalidwe abwino pamacheza, ndipo ngakhale kuti chilankhulo chawo sichingakhale chokwanira, chimagwirizana ndi msinkhu wawo waluntha. Komabe, ngati mwana nthawi imodzi akuwonetsa zizindikiro za autism ndikuchedwa kukula kwaluntha, matenda onsewa ayenera kuganiziridwa.