Matenda a Parkinsonism

Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Parkinson sizikudziwikabe. Zinthu monga ma genetic predisposition, chilengedwe, ukalamba, kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, komanso kuwonongeka ndi kufa kwa PD dopaminergic neurons zitha kutenga nawo gawo panjira ya matendawa.

Kukalamba

Zomwe zimachitika komanso kufalikira kwa PD kumawonjezeka ndi zaka. PD nthawi zambiri imawonekera pambuyo pa zaka 60, kutanthauza kuyanjana ndi ukalamba. Zambiri zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons mwa akulu abwinobwino akamakalamba. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa PD pakati pa anthu azaka zopitilira 65 sikuli kokwera kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukalamba ngati chimodzi mwazowopsa za PD.

Genetic Factors

Udindo wa ma genetic factor pakuyambika kwa PD ukudziwika. Chiyambireni kupezeka kwa jini yoyamba ya pathogenic ya PD, alpha-synuclein (PARK1), kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, pafupifupi majini asanu ndi limodzi a pathogenic adalumikizidwa ndi PD yabanja. Komabe, ndi 5-10% yokha ya milandu ya PD yomwe ili ndi mbiri yabanja, ndipo zambiri zimakhala zaposachedwa. Genetic factor ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti PD iyambe.

Zinthu Zachilengedwe

M'zaka za m'ma 1980, ofufuza aku America otsogozedwa ndi Langston adapeza kuti anthu ena ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo adayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro za Parkinson, ndipo levodopa idawoneka yothandiza. Adazindikira chinthu cha neurotoxic, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), mu heroin yopangidwa ndi anthuwa. MPTP imasandulika muubongo kukhala poizoni wa 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), yomwe imalowa mwapadera mu dopaminergic neurons ya substantia nigra, kuletsa mitochondrial kupuma kwa chain complex I ntchito, kuyambitsa kupsinjika kwa okosijeni, ndikupangitsa kuwonongeka ndi imfa ya dopaminergic neurons. Ofufuza adaganiza kuti kulephera kwa mitochondrial kungakhale chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa PD. Kafukufuku wotsatira pa odwala oyambirira a PD adatsimikizira kuchepa kwapadera kwa mitochondrial kupuma kwa chain complex I ntchito mkati mwa substantia nigra. Mankhwala ena ophera udzu ndi tizirombo amagawana kapangidwe kake ndi MPTP. Kupezeka kwa MPTP kunapangitsa kuzindikira kuti mankhwala ena a MPTP m'chilengedwe angakhale zinthu zomwe zimathandizira ku PD. Komabe, owerengeka okha mwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe adawonetsedwa ndi MPTP adapanga PD, kutanthauza kuti PD ikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zomwe zimagwirizana.

Zinthu Zina

Kuphatikiza pa ukalamba ndi majini, zinthu monga kuvulala koopsa kwa ubongo, kusuta, kumwa khofi, ndi zina zotero, zikhoza kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi PD. Kusuta kumalumikizidwa mosagwirizana ndi zochitika za PD, zomaliza zosasinthika pamaphunziro angapo. Kafeini imawonetsanso zoteteza zofananira. Kuvulala koopsa kwaubongo kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi PD.

Mwachidule, Matenda a Parkinson amatha chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa ma genetic ndi chilengedwe.

Zizindikiro za matenda a Parkinson makamaka ndi awa:

Kunjenjemera: Kumachitika nthawi yopuma, monga kunjenjemera kwa manja panthawi yopuma.

Kusasunthika kwa Minofu: Kuuma ndi kukana kusuntha kwapang'onopang'ono kumapangitsa kuyenda kochepa.

Kuyenda Pang'onopang'ono: Kuyenda kumakhala pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuyenda kumakhala kochepa komanso kunjenjemera.

Kusakhazikika bwino: Chizoloŵezi cha mavuto olinganiza bwino ndi kusakhazikika.

Zizindikiro Zopanda Magalimoto: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupsinjika maganizo, kusokonezeka kwa tulo, kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso, ndi zina zotero.

Neurological Examination: Madokotala amawunika momwe dongosolo la mitsempha likuyendera pofufuza mphamvu za galimoto ya wodwalayo, kaimidwe, ndi kulinganiza kwake.

Maphunziro Ojambula: MRI ya ubongo kapena CT scans amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro.

DaTscan: Makanema amankhwala a nyukiliya amathandizira pakuwunika magwiridwe antchito a dopamine system.

Kuzindikira kwa Matenda a Parkinson kumadalira zizindikiro zachipatala ndi kuyezetsa thupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri palibe mayeso apadera a labotale otsimikizira kuti ali ndi matendawa. Madokotala atha kuyesa molingana ndi njira zodziwira matenda a PD (monga a UK Parkinson's Disease Society) pazolinga zowunika.