Matenda
Holistic Alzheimer's Care Njira
Mbiri
Matenda a Alzheimer's (AD), ofupikitsidwa kuchokera ku mawu ake achingerezi, ndi mtundu wa dementia wofala kwambiri mwa okalamba. Zimasokoneza kuganiza, kukumbukira, ndi kudziimira kwa wodwala, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wake ndi imfa yake.
Bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lati ndi "matenda owononga." Padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi World Alzheimer Report 2018 yotulutsidwa ndi Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), pakadali pano pali odwala 50 miliyoni a dementia padziko lonse lapansi. Pofika chaka cha 2050, akuti afika 152 miliyoni, ndipo pafupifupi 60% -70% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.
Vuto pochiza matenda a Alzheimer's lagona pa mfundo yakuti matenda ake samveka bwino. Pakadali pano, zimavomerezedwa kuti kusalinganiza pakati pa m'badwo ndi chilolezo cha β-amyloid (Aβ) kumawonedwa ngati chinthu choyambitsa matenda a neurodegeneration ndi kuyamba kwa dementia. Milingo yolakwika ya β-amyloid imapanga zolembera pakati pa ma neurons a muubongo, omwe ali ndi neurotoxic ndipo amayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa neuronal.
Etiology
Matendawa akhoza kukhala gulu la zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo zamoyo ndi zamaganizo). Kafukufuku akuwonetsa zinthu zoposa 30 zomwe zingatheke komanso zongoganizira, monga mbiri ya banja, jenda lachikazi, kupwetekedwa mutu, kuchepa kwa maphunziro, matenda a chithokomiro, zaka zapamwamba kapena kuchedwa kwa amayi, matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi, ndi zina.
Clinical Featur
Matendawa amayamba pang'onopang'ono kapena mobisa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti odwala ndi mabanja awo adziwe. Ndikofala kwambiri mwa anthu opitilira zaka 70 (avereji ya zaka zoyambira ndi 73 kwa amuna ndi 75 kwa akazi). Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zimawonekera mwachangu pambuyo pa matenda amthupi, kusweka, kapena kupsinjika kwamalingaliro. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi (chiŵerengero cha 3: 1 kwa amuna). Zizindikiro zazikulu zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuzindikira, zizindikiro zamaganizo, kusokonezeka kwa khalidwe, ndi kutaya pang'onopang'ono luso la moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kupititsa patsogolo kumagawidwa m'magawo atatu kutengera kuipiraipira kwa luso lachidziwitso ndi ntchito zathupi.
Gawo la dementia pang'ono (zaka 1-3). Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kukumbukira kukumbukira, makamaka zochitika zaposachedwapa; kuchepetsa kulingalira, ndi zovuta kusanthula, kuganiza, ndi kuthana ndi mavuto ovuta; kusasamala pa ntchito kapena ntchito zapakhomo, kulephera kusamalira kugula kapena nkhani zachuma paokha, ndi mavuto a anthu. Ngakhale kuti wodwalayo amathabe kuchita ntchito zomwe amazizoloŵera tsiku ndi tsiku, amalimbana ndi zochitika zatsopano, kusonyeza kusayanjanitsika, kukhumudwa nthawi zina, komanso nthawi zambiri kukayikira. Pali kulimbana ndi mayendedwe a nthawi komanso zovuta kumvetsetsa malo. Kuchepa kwa mawu ndi zovuta za mayina ndizofalanso.
Gawo lapakati la dementia (zaka 2-10). Zizindikiro zimakhala ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwanthawi yayitali, kuchepa kwa kuthekera kwa malo owoneka bwino pamapangidwe osavuta, komanso zovuta pakuwunika nthawi ndi malo. Odwala amakumana ndi zovuta kuthetsa mavuto, kusiyanitsa kufanana ndi kusiyana pakati pa zinthu, ndi kudalira thandizo la ntchito zakunja, kuvala, ukhondo, ndi kudzikongoletsa. Amalephera kuwerengera ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zamanjenje monga aphasia, apraxia, ndi agnosia. Kusayanjanitsika m'maganizo kumasintha kukhala kusakhazikika, kuyendayenda kosalekeza, ndi kusadziletsa.
Gawo lalikulu la dementia (zaka 8-12). Odwala amadalira kwambiri omwe amawasamalira, akumakumbukira kwambiri ndikungotsala pang'ono kukumbukira. Amalephera kuyendetsa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, akukumana ndi kusadziletsa m'matumbo ndi chikhodzodzo. Atha kuwonetsa kukhala chete, kuuma, ndi kuyang'ana thupi kungasonyeze zizindikiro zabwino za piramidi thirakiti, zolingalira zakale monga kugwira mwamphamvu, kupapasa, ndi kuyamwa. Pamapeto pake, amatha kukomoka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zovuta monga matenda.
Kufufuza
Kuwunika kwachidziwitso: Kuphatikizira zida monga Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) kuti muwunikire ntchito yachidziwitso.
Kujambula zithunzi: MRI ya ubongo ndi CT scans amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse zifukwa zina za kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso ndikuwona kusintha kwa ubongo.
Electroencephalogram (EEG): Kuwunika kusintha kwamagetsi muubongo.
Ma Biomarkers: Magazi ena kapena cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers angathandize kuzindikira.
Matenda
Kuzindikira kwa matenda a Alzheimer's nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kupatulapo zina zomwe zingayambitse kusokonezeka kwa chidziwitso ndipo zimatengera zomwe wodwalayo ali nazo, kuyezetsa kwachipatala, ndi maphunziro oyerekeza. Pakalipano, kufufuza kwa pathological kumafunikabe kuti atsimikizire kuti ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's.