Chirwere
Nuolai Biomedical Comprehensive Autism Support
Etiology
Izvo zvinhu zvinotungamira kune autism zvinogona kuverengerwa se genetics, hutachiona uye kusadzivirirwa, uye kurudziro kubva kune prenatal yemuviri nemakemikari zvinhu.
Genetic Factors
Zvidzidzo zvemapatya zvinoratidza concordance rate ye autism mumapatya e monozygotic yakakwira se61% kusvika 90%, nepo pasina concordance yakakosha inoonekwa mumapatya e dizygotic. Iyo inofungidzirwa kudzokorora mwero pakati pehama ndeye 4.5%. Aya maonero anoratidza genetic predisposition kune autism.
Utachiona uye Immunity Factors
Tsvagiridzo yakaitika mukupera kwema1970 yakaratidza kuwanda kwemukana wevana kuita autism kana vanaamai vakawana hutachiona hwehutachiona panguva yekuzvitakura. Ongororo dzakazotevera dzakapawo hukama hunogona kuitika pakati pehutachiona hwepamberi uye autism. Zvirwere zvinozivikanwa zvakakosha zvinosanganisira rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, syphilis spirochetes, uye toxoplasma gondii. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anogadzirwa nezvirwere izvi, achipfuura nepakati pe placenta kupinda mufetus body, anokonzera muchinjikwa-immune mhinduro nekukura kwe "fetus nervous system", zvichikanganisa kukura kwayo uye zvichikonzera autism.
Kukurudzira kubva kuPrenatal Physical uye Chemical Factors
Kukurumidza kuratidzwa kwevakadzi vane pamuviri kumishonga yakaita sevalproic acid inotorwa kana antiepileptic zvinodhaka, pamwe nekudhakwa nedoro, zvinogona kuwedzera mukana wevana vavo kukura autism [13-14]. Maererano nezvidzidzo izvi, kupa imwe yepamusoro-dose intraperitoneal jekiseni re sodium valproate kumakonzo pamazuva e12.5 ekuzvitakura kwakakonzera kuti mwana aratidze maitiro akafanana neautism. Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo yakawana kuti kufumura makonzo ane pamuviri kuti adzokorore kuomesa nechando kwakawedzerawo mukana wekuti mwana aite autism, vana ava vachitaridza hunhu hweautism.
Clinical Manifestation
Chirwere ichi chinowanzotanga mukati memwedzi ye36 yezera uye inonyanya kuratidzwa nezviratidzo zvitatu zvakakosha: matambudziko ekugarisana, kutadza kutaurirana, zvido zvisingabvumirwe, uye maitiro ekudzokorora maitiro.
Kuongororwa
Kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa zvichibva pakuongorora kwakadzama kwenhoroondo yezvekurapa, kuongororwa kwemuviri uye neurological, kuongororwa kwepfungwa, uye mhedzisiro yekuyedza.
Zvinhu zvakakosha zvekuongorora zvinosanganisira: ① kutanga mukati memwedzi makumi matatu nematanhatu; ② zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekunetsana kwekudyidzana, kukanganisa kutaurirana, zvido zvisingabvumirwe, uye maitiro akadzokororwa anodzokororwa; ③ kusasanganisa mamwe mamiriro akadai seRett syndrome, Heller syndrome, Asperger's syndrome, uye mutauro nekukura kwekutaura. Kana kutanga kunoitika mushure memwedzi ye36 kana kusapa zviratidzo zvese zvepakati, kuongororwa kunoonekwa seatypical autism.
Rett Syndrome
Inowanikwa muvasikana chete, kazhinji inotanga pakati pemwedzi 7-24. Kusati kwatanga, kukura kwakajairika kunoonekwa. Zvisinei, mushure mekutanga, pane kuderera kwekukura kwemusoro, kurasikirwa nokukurumidza kwemutauro wakawanikwa uye unyanzvi hwekudyidzana kwevanhu, hurema hwepfungwa hwakanyanya, kurasikirwa kwemaoko ane chinangwa, uye maitiro emaoko echinyakare (zvakadai sekugeza maoko ekufambisa kana stereotyped minwe). Inowanzo kuperekedzwa ne hyperventilation, kusagadzikana kufamba, truncal ataxia, spinal curvature, uye pfari. Mamiriro acho anofambira mberi nekukurumidza nekusaziva.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (Heller Syndrome)
Chirwere ichi chinowanzotanga pazera remakore 2-3, nekukura kwakakwana kusati kwatanga. Mushure mezvo, kune kukurumidza kudzoreredzwa kwenjere, uye kugona kwakasiyana-siyana kunowanikwa (kusanganisira mutauro, kudyidzana munharaunda, uye kugona kuzvitarisira) kunokurumidza kuderera kana kutonyangarika.
Asperger's Syndrome
Iyo inozivikanwawo seAsperger's disorder, inogovera zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana neautism yehuduku, inonyanya kuonekwa muvakomana. Zviratidzo zvinowanzobuda pachena pazera re7, zvichinyanya kuratidza kuomerwa mukukurukurirana kwevanhu, kushomeka, stereotyped, uye kudzokorora kufarira uye maitiro. Iko hakuna mutauro unooneka uye kukanganisa kwenjere.
Mutauro unotaura kana kuti unogamuchira
Vana vane chirwere ichi vanonyanya kuratidza kukanganisa mumutauro wekutaura kana kugona kunzwisisa, neyakajairwa kana iri pedyo-yakajairika-yakajairika mwero wenjere (IQ ≥ 70), kutaurirana kwakanaka kusiri kwekutaura, pasina hurema hwehunhu mukudyidzana kwevanhu, zvidikanwi zvinoganhurirwa, kana stereotyped kudzokorora maitiro. .
Childhood Schizophrenia
Chirwere ichi chinonyanyo tanga vanhu vasati vabva zera uye mukuyaruka, kazhinji kacho kusati kwatanga kurwara. Zvishoma nezvishoma, zviratidzo zvakadai sekufungidzira, kusagadzikana kwepfungwa, kusava nehanya mupfungwa kana kusapindirana, kushayikwa kwekuzvidira, uye hunhu hunoshamisa hweschizophrenia hunooneka, zvichibatsira mukusiyanisa.
Kuremara Kwenjere
Vana vane chirwere ichi vanoshaya hurema hwehunhu mukudyidzana kwevanhu, uye kunyangwe nhanho yemutauro wavo ingave isina kukwana, inoenderana nezera ravo renjere. Zvisinei, kana mwana panguva imwe chete achiratidza zviratidzo zveautism uye kunonoka kukura kwepfungwa, zvirwere zvose zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo.