Cerebral Palsy - sizomwe mukuganiza.

"Cerebral palsy" ndi mawu omwe makolo ambiri amawaletsa. M'chidziwitso cha makolo ambiri, "cerebral palsy" imatanthauza "kuwonongeka kwaluntha kosasinthika ndi kusokonezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka thupi." Ndiye, kodi cerebral palsy ndi yochititsa mantha? Kodi palibe njira yothetsera vuto la cerebral palsy?

Maganizo Olakwika 1: Kodi cerebral palsy ndi chiyani?

Cerebral palsy imatanthawuza kusokonezeka kwaubongo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi yobereka mpaka mwana, mpaka mwezi umodzi atabadwa. Imawonekera makamaka ngati ziwalo za ziwalo, kuphatikizapo kusokonezeka kwapakati pamagalimoto, kamvekedwe ka minofu yachilendo, kaimidwe kosadziwika bwino, ndi zovuta za reflex. Kuphatikiza apo, matenda a muubongo nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi zovuta zina zaubongo monga kulumala, khunyu, kusawona bwino, strabismus, ndi nystagmus. Zingaphatikizeponso kusamva, kusokonezeka kwa chilankhulo, kusazindikira bwino, komanso kusokonezeka kwamakhalidwe.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kwa odwala ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo, chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kusayenda pang'ono. Kusiyanitsa kumeneku n'kofunika kwambiri paubwana. M'chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri pambuyo pa kubadwa, n'zovuta kudziwa ngati kukula kwaluntha n'kwachibadwa, zomwe zimapangitsa makolo ambiri kuphonya nthawi yabwino yopewera matenda a ubongo.

Maganizo olakwika 2: Kodi cerebral palsy amapezeka bwanji?

Pakalipano, matenda aliwonse ojambulidwa okha (kuphatikizapo ultrasound, CT, ndi MRI) sangathe kutsimikizira matenda a ubongo. Kuzindikira kuyenera kuzikidwa pazizindikiro za matenda azovuta zamagalimoto. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti kuganiza kulikonse kumasonyeza chithunzithunzi cha ubongo pa nthawi inayake, kusonyeza kumene kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kulipo; komabe, sizingadziwiretu ngati kuwonongeka kumeneku kungayambitse kusokonezeka kwa ubongo ndipo pamapeto pake kumayambitsa matenda a ubongo.

Kuzindikira kwa matenda okhudza ubongo kumatengera mawonekedwe a matenda. Mawonetseredwe azachipatala amaphatikizapo kuyang'ana zizindikiro zazikulu zisanu zamagalimoto mwa makanda: luso la galimoto, luso lamakono, chilankhulo, kukula kwa chidziwitso, ndi luso loyankhulana. Malipoti a MRI nthawi zambiri amatchula zochitika monga kukha magazi muubongo, kufewetsa kwa minofu ya muubongo, ndi zolakwika zachitukuko, koma izi sizizindikiro zozindikiritsa matenda a muubongo. Kuzindikira kotsimikizika kumafuna madokotala apadera kuti aphatikize mbiri yachipatala ya mwanayo ndi zizindikiro zachipatala.

Maganizo Olakwika 3: Kodi cerebral palsy ingazindikiridwe liti?

Ana ambiri amene amadwala matenda otaya magazi muubongo akabadwa amachedwa kutchedwa cerebral palsy. Cerebral palsy imatanthawuza mkhalidwe womwe luso lamagetsi la mwana limasiya kukula. Komabe, ubongo wa munthu ndi chiwalo chodabwitsa, makamaka ubongo wa khanda, umene umakula mofulumira m’zaka zitatu zoyambirira pambuyo pa kubadwa. Ndi chitsogozo chokhazikika cha kukonzanso, ubongo umakhala ndi mphamvu inayake yokonzanso ndi kubwezera.

Choncho, kudziwa kotsimikizika kwa matenda a muubongo kuyenera kuchitidwa kokha pamene mwanayo ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ngakhale kuti makanda ena amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro za matenda a ubongo pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi, zizindikirozi sizokhazikika kapena zosasinthika. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, makanda omwe ali ndi mbiri ya kutaya magazi muubongo akabadwa amaonedwa kuti ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a ubongo, ndi kuchuluka kwa kutayika kwa magazi kusonyeza chiopsezo chachikulu. Motero, ana ameneŵa amawaika pachiwopsezo chachikulu m’malo mopezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a muubongo.

Maganizo olakwika 4: Cerebral palsy sangalowemo.

Tsoka ilo, ngati khanda lapezeka ndi cerebral palsy ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, luso lachipatala lamakono silingathe kuchiza. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zochiritsira ndi njira zochiritsira kumatha kuchepetsa mavuto ena obwera chifukwa cha matenda a muubongo, kumathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito agalimoto, ndikupangitsa moyo kukhala wabwino.

Kwa gulu la "chiopsezo chachikulu", kafukufuku wowonjezereka wasonyeza kuti kulowererapo koyambirira, makamaka kuyambika kwanthawi yake kwa kukonzanso kokhazikika kwagalimoto ndikuchita opaleshoni yosinthika yaubongo, kumakhala ndi zotsatira zowonekera bwino za kuvulala kwaubongo mwa ana okhudzidwa.

Chithandizo chokwanira chophatikiza opaleshoni ya stereotactic ndi maphunziro obwezeretsa.

Kafukufuku waposachedwa wa zamankhwala wapeza ndikutsimikizira kuti maphunziro oyambilira okhazikika angathandize kukonza ntchito zaubongo. Maphunziro obwezeretsa ndi kukonza ubongo ndizowonjezera; maphunziro oyenera amapereka kukondoweza zabwino kwa ubongo, kulimbikitsa pulasitiki ake ndi kukonza. Kuphatikizika kwa ubongo kumalimbitsa, kumathandizira kukonzanso, ndipo maphunzirowa akayamba, ndi bwino. Chithandizo cha maopaleshoni, makamaka opareshoni yosinthira magwiridwe antchito aubongo (opareshoni ya stereotactic), imatha kuthana ndi vuto la ziwalo za ziwalo zomwe maphunziro owongolera okha sangathe kuwongolera, monga kamvekedwe ka minofu, kupindika kwa minofu, ndi kusayenda bwino kwagalimoto.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la cerebral palsy amakhala ndi matupi omwe amakhalabe olimba kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimatsogolera kufupikitsa minyewa ndi mafupa olumikizana ndi kupunduka. Nthawi zambiri amayenda ndi tiptoes, ndipo zikavuta kwambiri, amatha kufa ziwalo kapena hemiplegia m'miyendo yonse yapansi. Pakadali pano, chisamaliro chamankhwala chiyenera kukhala chithandizo chokwanira kuphatikiza opaleshoni ya stereotactic ndi kukonzanso. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni sichimangowonjezera zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa galimoto komanso kumayala maziko abwino a maphunziro obwezeretsa. Maphunziro obwezeretsa pambuyo pa opaleshoni amaphatikizanso zotsatira za opaleshoni, amalimbikitsa kubwezeretsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto, ndipo pamapeto pake amakwaniritsa cholinga cha kusintha kwa moyo wautali.