Izifo
Nuolai Biomedical Comprehensive Autism Support
I-Etiology
Izinto ezikhokelela kwi-autism zinokuhlelwa njengemfuzo, usulelo kunye nokungakhuseleki, kunye nokuvuselela okuvela kwimiba yangaphambi kokubeleka yomzimba kunye nemichiza.
Imiba yemfuza
Uphononongo lwamawele lubonisa izinga le-concordance ye-autism kumawele e-monozygotic ukuya kuma-61% ukuya kwi-90%, ngelixa kungekho ngqungquthela ebalulekileyo ebonwayo kumawele e-dizygotic. Izinga eliqikelelwayo lokuphindaphinda phakathi kwabantakwenu limalunga ne-4.5%. Olu qwalaselo lucebisa ukuba kukho ukuthambekela kofuzo kwi-autism.
Usulelo kunye ne-Immunity Factors
Uphando olwaqala emva phayaa ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 lubonise ukwanda kwamathuba okuba abantwana baphuhlise i-autism ukuba oomama baye bafumana usulelo lwentsholongwane ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Izifundo ezilandelayo nazo zacebisa ubudlelwane obunokwenzeka phakathi kosulelo lwaphambi kokubeleka kunye noluphazamiseko. Iintsholongwane ezichaphazelekayo ezaziwayo ziquka i-rubella virus, i-cytomegalovirus, i-varicella-zoster virus, i-herpes simplex virus, i-syphilis spirochetes, kunye ne-toxoplasma gondii. Kucingelwa ukuba izilwa-buhlungu eziveliswa zezi pathogens, zidlula kwi-placenta ukuya kumzimba womntwana, zibangela impendulo enqamlezayo kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous ye-feetal ekhulayo, iphazamisa uphuhliso lwayo oluqhelekileyo kwaye ibangele i-autism.
Uvuselelo oluvela kuMzimba wangaphambi kokubeleka kunye neMichiza
Ukuvezwa kwangethuba kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo kumayeza afana ne-valproic acid ephuma okanye iziyobisi ze-antiepileptic, kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala, kunokonyusa amathuba okuba inzala yabo ibe ne-autism [13-14]. Ngokwale zifundo, ukuhambisa inaliti enye yedosi ephezulu ye-intraperitoneal ye-sodium valproate kwiimpuku kwiintsuku eziyi-12.5 zokumitha kubangele ukuba inzala ibonise iipatheni zokuziphatha ezifana ne-autism. Ukongeza, uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuveza iimpuku ezikhulelweyo kwizivuseleli zokukhenkcisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwandisa amathuba okuba abantwana baphuhlise i-autism, aba bantwana babonisa iimpawu zokuziphatha ze-autism.
Ukubonakaliswa kweklinikhi
Le ngxaki iqala phakathi kweenyanga ezingama-36 ubudala kwaye ibonakala kakhulu ngeempawu ezintathu eziphambili: ubunzima bokunxibelelana kwezentlalo, ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano, imidla enemiqathango, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha eziphindaphindwayo.
Uxilongo
Ukuxilongwa kufuneka kwenziwe ngokusekelwe kuvavanyo olubanzi lwembali yonyango, iimviwo zomzimba kunye ne-neurological, uvavanyo lwengqondo, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo oluncedisayo.
Amanqaku oxilongo angundoqo aquka: ① ukuqala phakathi kweenyanga ezingama-36; ② izibonakaliso eziphambili zobunzima bonxibelelwano lwentlalo, ukuphazamiseka konxibelelwano, imidla enemiqathango, kunye neepateni zokuziphatha eziphindaphindayo; ③ ngaphandle kwezinye iimeko ezifana ne-Rett syndrome, i-Heller syndrome, i-Asperger's syndrome, kunye nokuphazamiseka kolwimi kunye nokuthetha. Ukuba ukuqala kwenzeka emva kweenyanga ezingama-36 okanye azibonakalisi zonke iimpawu ezingundoqo, ukuxilongwa kuthathwa njenge-autism engabonakaliyo.
I-Rett Syndrome
Ifumaneka kuphela kumantombazana, ngokuqhelekileyo iqala phakathi kweenyanga ezi-7-24. Ngaphambi kokuqala, uphuhliso oluqhelekileyo lubonwa. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuqala, kukho ukukhula okucothayo kwentloko, ukulahleka ngokukhawuleza kolwimi olufunyenweyo kunye nezakhono zokusebenzisana nentlalontle, ukukhubazeka okubukhali kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa yintshukumo yezandla enenjongo, kunye nokunyakaza kwezandla okuqhelekileyo (okufana nokuhlamba izandla okanye ukujija iminwe). Idla ngokukhatshwa yi-hyperventilation, i-gait engazinzanga, i-truncal ataxia, i-spinal curvature, kunye nokuxhuzula. Imeko iqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-prognosis embi.
Isifo sokukhubazeka kobuNtwana (Heller Syndrome)
Esi sifo siqala malunga ne-2-3 yeminyaka ubudala, kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo olupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba luqale. Emva koko, ingqondo ihlehla ngokukhawuleza, yaye ubuchule obahlukahlukeneyo obufunyenweyo (kuquka ulwimi, ukunxulumana nabantu, nobuchule bokukwazi ukuzinyamekela) buyancipha ngokukhawuleza okanye bude buphele.
I-Asperger's Syndrome
Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Asperger's disorder, yabelana ngeempawu ezifana ne-autism yobuntwana, ejongwa ikakhulu kumakhwenkwe. Iimpawu zihlala zibonakala malunga nobudala be-7, ubukhulu becala bubonisa ubunzima kunxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu, umda, imidla, kunye nemidla yokuphindaphinda kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Akukho lulwimi lucacileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ukuphazamiseka kolwimi oluvakalisayo okanye olwamkelayo
Abantwana abanale ngxaki babonisa ikakhulu iziphene ekuchazeni ulwimi okanye kwisakhono sokuqonda, kunye nenqanaba lobukrelekrele eliqhelekileyo okanye elikufutshane neliqhelekileyo (IQ ≥ 70), unxibelelwano oluhle olungathethwayo, ngaphandle kweziphene kunxibelelwano lwentlalo, imidla ethintelweyo, okanye iipatheni zokuziphatha eziphindaphindwayo. .
I-Schizophrenia yobuntwana
Le meko iqala ikakhulu kwangaphambi kokufikisa kunye nokufikisa, kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo lwangaphambi kokugula. Ngokuthe ngcembe, iimpawu ezinjengokubona izinto ezingekhoyo, ukuphazamiseka kwengcinga, ukungakhathali ngokweemvakalelo okanye ukungangqinelani, ukungabikho kokuzithandela, kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwe-schizophrenia kubonakala, kunceda ekwahluleni.
Ukukhubazeka ngokwasengqondweni
Abantwana abanale ngxaki abanaziphene ekunxibelelaneni noluntu, kwaye nangona inqanaba lolwimi lisenokungonelanga, liyahambelana nenqanaba labo lobukrelekrele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana ngaxeshanye ubonisa iimpawu ze-autism kunye nokulibaziseka kokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, zombini ukuxilongwa kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.