Izifo
Indlela yokuKhathalela i-Alzheimer's Holistic
Inkangeleko yesimo
Isifo sika-Alzheimer (AD), esifinyeziweyo kwigama laso lesiNgesi, lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwesifo sengqondo esiyingozi kubantu abadala. Iphazamisa indlela yokucinga yomguli, inkumbulo nokuzimela geqe, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho wobomi kunye nokufa kwaso.
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ichaze "njengesifo esibi." Ehlabathini lonke, ngokweNgxelo ye-Alzheimer yeHlabathi ka-2018 ekhutshwe yi-Alzheimer's Disease International (ADI), okwangoku kukho ubuncinane i-50 yezigidi zezigulane zengqondo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngo-2050, kuqikelelwa ukuba ifike kwi-152 yezigidi, malunga ne-60% -70% yezehlo eziba sisifo i-Alzheimer's.
Umceli mngeni ekunyangeni i-Alzheimer's usekwinyani yokuba indlela yesifo sayo ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo. Okwangoku, kuyamkelwa ngokubanzi ukuba ukungalingani phakathi kwesizukulwana kunye nokususwa kwe-β-amyloid (Aβ) kuthathwa njengento yokuqala ye-neurodegeneration kunye nokuqala kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Amanqanaba angaqhelekanga e-β-amyloid enza iiplakhi phakathi kwe-neurons yengqondo, ene-neurotoxic kwaye ikhokelela ekuwohlokeni kwe-neuronal.
I-Etiology
Isifo sinokuba liqela elingafaniyo leemeko, eziphuma phantsi kweempembelelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo (kubandakanywa nezinto eziphilayo kunye nengqondo). Uphando lubonisa izinto ezingaphezulu kwe-30 ezinokuthi zibekho kunye neengcamango, ezifana nembali yentsapho, isini sowesifazane, ukuxhatshazwa kwentloko, inqanaba lemfundo ephantsi, isifo se-thyroid, ubudala obuphambili okanye obulibazisekayo komama, izifo zentsholongwane, kunye nabanye.
I-Clinical Feature
Ukuqala kwesi sifo kucotha okanye kungabonakali, kudla ngokuba nzima ukuba izigulana neentsapho zabo zichonge. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-70 ubudala (umyinge weminyaka yobudala iqala ngama-73 kwamadoda kunye nama-75 kwabasetyhini). Kwiimeko ezimbalwa, iimpawu zibonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokugula ngokomzimba, ukuphuka, okanye uxinzelelo lwengqondo. Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini (umlinganiselo we-3: 1 kumadoda). Iimpawu eziphambili ziquka ukwehla ngokuthe ngcembe ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, iimpawu zengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwendlela yokuziphatha, kunye nokulahlekelwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwizakhono zobomi bemihla ngemihla. Ukuqhubela phambili kwahlulahlulwe ngokwezigaba ezithathu ngokusekwe ekwenyukeni kobuchule bokuqonda kunye nemisebenzi yomzimba.
Inqanaba le-dementia ephakathi (iminyaka eyi-1-3). Iimpawu ziquka ukulahleka kwememori, ngakumbi kwiziganeko zamva nje; ukunciphisa ugwebo, kunye nobunzima bokuhlalutya, ukucinga, kunye nokusingatha iingxaki ezinzima; ukungakhathali emsebenzini okanye kwimisebenzi yasekhaya, ukungakwazi ukulawula ukuthenga okanye imicimbi yemali ngokuzimeleyo, kunye nobunzima bentlalo. Nangona isigulana sisenokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yemihla ngemihla, siyasokola ngemisebenzi emitsha, sibonakalisa ukungakhathali ngokweemvakalelo, ukuphazamiseka ngamaxesha athile, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi siyakrokra. Kukho umzabalazo wokuziqhelanisa nexesha kunye nobunzima bokuqonda iindawo zejografi. Isigama esilinganiselweyo kunye nobunzima bokubizwa kwamagama nazo zixhaphakile.
Inqanaba eliphakathi le-dementia (iminyaka emi-2-10). Iimpawu ziquka ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwimemori yexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide, ukunciphisa amandla okubonwa kwendawo kwizakhiwo ezilula, kunye nobunzima ngexesha kunye nokuqhelaniswa kwendawo. Izigulane zijongene nemingeni ekusombululeni iingxaki, ukwahlula ukufana kunye nokungafani phakathi kwezinto, kwaye zixhomekeke ekuncediseni imisebenzi yangaphandle, ukunxiba, ukucoceka komntu kunye nokuzilungisa. Baphulukana namandla abo okwenza izibalo kwaye babonise iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ze-neurological ezifana ne-aphasia, apraxia, kunye ne-agnosia. Ukungakhathali ngokweemvakalelo kuguqula ukungazinzi, ukubhadula rhoqo, nokungakwazi ukuzibamba.
Inqanaba lesifo sengqondo esiqatha (iminyaka eyi-8-12). Izigulana zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kubanonopheli, bafumana ukulahleka kwenkumbulo okunzulu kunye namaqhekeza enkumbulo aseleyo. Baye bangakwazi ukulawula imisebenzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla, bafumana ukungazinzi ekulawuleni amathumbu kunye nesinyi. Basenokubonisa ukuthula, ukuqina, kunye nokuhlolwa komzimba kunokubonisa iimpawu ezintle zokubandakanyeka kwephiramidi, i-reflexes yamandulo efana nokubamba ngamandla, ukuphuthaphutha, kunye nokufunxa. Ekugqibeleni, banokungena kwi-coma kwaye bahlala benikezela kwiingxaki ezinjengosulelo.
Uviwo
Uvavanyo lokuqonda: Kubandakanya izixhobo ezifana neMini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) ukuvavanya umsebenzi wokuqonda.
Izifundo zokucinga: I-Brain MRI kunye ne-CT scans zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ezinye izizathu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokufumanisa utshintsho kwisakhiwo sobuchopho.
I-Electroencephalogram (EEG): Ivavanya utshintsho kumsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
I-Biomarkers: Igazi elithile okanye i-cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers inokunceda ekuxilongweni.
Uxilongo
Ukufunyaniswa kwesifo i-Alzheimer's ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukungabandakanyi abanye oonobangela bokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwaye kusekwe kwiimpawu zesigulana, uvavanyo lwezonyango, kunye nezifundo zokucinga. Okwangoku, uvavanyo lwe-pathological lusafuneka ukuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuxilongwa kwesifo se-Alzheimer.