Izifo
I-Nuolai Biomedical Comprehensive Autism Support
I-Etiology
Izici eziholela ku-autism zingahlukaniswa njengezakhi zofuzo, ukutheleleka kanye nokuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokukhuthazwa okuvela ezicini zomzimba namakhemikhali ngaphambi kokubeletha.
Izakhi Zofuzo
Ucwaningo lwamawele lukhombisa izinga lokuvumelana kwe-autism kumawele e-monozygotic elifinyelela ku-61% kuya ku-90%, kuyilapho kungekho khonkodensi ebalulekile ebonwa kumawele e-dizygotic. Isilinganiso esilinganisiwe sokuphindaphinda phakathi kwezelamani sicishe sibe ngu-4.5%. Lokhu kubheka kusikisela ukuthambekela kofuzo ku-autism.
Ukutheleleka kanye Nezici Zokuzivikela
Ucwaningo olwaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 lubonise ukwanda kwamathuba okuba izingane zibe ne-autism uma omama behlangabezana nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ucwaningo olwalandela luphinde lwaphakamisa ubudlelwano obungaba khona phakathi kokutheleleka kwangaphambi kokubeletha kanye ne-autism. Amagciwane abalulekile aziwayo ahlanganisa i-rubella virus, i-cytomegalovirus, i-varicella-zoster virus, i-herpes simplex virus, i-syphilis spirochetes, ne-toxoplasma gondii. Kucatshangelwa ukuthi amasosha omzimba akhiqizwa yilawa magciwane, adlula ku-placenta angene emzimbeni wengane, abangele ukusabela okuphambene nokuzivikela komzimba nesistimu yezinzwa ye-fetus ekhulayo, iphazamise ukukhula kwayo okuvamile futhi kubangele i-autism.
Ukukhuthazwa Okuvela Kuzinto Zomzimba Zangaphambi Kokubeletha Nezamakhemikhali
Ukuchayeka kusenesikhathi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe emithini efana nokuphuma kwe-valproic acid noma izidakamizwa ze-antiepileptic, kanye nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, kungandisa amathuba okuthi inzalo yabo ibe ne-autism [13-14]. Ngokwalezi zifundo, ukunikeza umjovo owodwa ophezulu we-intraperitoneal we-sodium valproate kumagundane ezinsukwini ezingu-12.5 zokukhulelwa kwaholela ekutheni inzalo ibonise amaphethini okuziphatha afana ne-autism. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukuchaya amagundane akhulelwe ekugqugquzeleni ukubanda okuphindaphindiwe kwandisa amathuba okuba inzalo ibe ne-autism, ngale nzalo ebonisa izici zokuziphatha ze-autism.
Ukubonakaliswa Komtholampilo
Lesi sifo ngokuvamile siqala phakathi nezinyanga ezingu-36 ubudala futhi sibonakala kakhulu ngezimpawu ezintathu ezibalulekile: ubunzima bokuxhumana nabantu, ukukhubazeka kokukhulumisana, izithakazelo ezinomkhawulo, kanye nemikhuba yokuziphatha ephindaphindayo.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni okuphelele komlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa komzimba kanye nezinzwa, ukuhlolwa kwengqondo, nemiphumela yokuhlola eyisizayo.
Amaphuzu abalulekile okuxilonga ahlanganisa: ① ukuqala phakathi nezinyanga ezingama-36; ② ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kobunzima bokusebenzelana komphakathi, ukonakala kokuxhumana, izithakazelo ezinomkhawulo, namaphethini okuziphatha aphindaphindayo acatshangwayo; ③ ngaphandle kwezinye izimo ezifana ne-Rett syndrome, i-Heller syndrome, i-Asperger's syndrome, nokuphazamiseka kolimi nenkulumo. Uma ukuqala kwenzeka ngemva kwezinyanga ezingu-36 noma kungabonisi zonke izimpawu eziyinhloko, ukuxilongwa kubhekwa njenge-autism engavamile.
I-Rett Syndrome
Itholakala emantombazaneni kuphela, imvamisa iqala phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-7-24. Ngaphambi kokuqala, ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kubonakala. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqala, kuba khona ukukhula kwekhanda okunensayo, ukulahlekelwa ngokushesha kolimi oluzuziwe kanye namakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwengqondo, ukulahlekelwa ukunyakaza kwezandla okunenjongo, nokunyakaza kwezandla okucatshangwayo (njengokugeza izandla noma ukusonteka kweminwe okucatshangwayo). Kuvame ukuhambisana ne-hyperventilation, i-gait engazinzile, i-truncal ataxia, i-spinal curvature, nokuwa. Isimo sithuthuka ngokushesha nge-prognosis embi.
I-Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (Heller Syndrome)
Lesi sifo ngokuvamile siqala cishe eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala, ngokukhula okuphelele okuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala. Ngemva kwalokho, kuba nokuhlehla ngokushesha kobuhlakani, futhi amakhono ahlukahlukene azuziwe (okuhlanganisa ulimi, ukuxhumana nabantu, namakhono okuzinakekela) ancipha ngokushesha noma aze anyamalale.
I-Asperger Syndrome
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Asperger's disorder, yabelana ngezici ezithile ezifana ne-autism yezingane, ebonwa kakhulu kubafana. Izimpawu zivame ukubonakala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-7, ikakhulukazi ukukhombisa ubunzima ekuxhumaneni kwabantu, okukhawulelwe, okucatshangwayo, kanye nezithakazelo eziphindaphindayo nezindlela zokuziphatha. Alukho ulimi olubonakalayo nokukhubazeka kobuhlakani.
I-Expressive noma i-Receptive Language Disorder
Izingane ezinalesi sifo ngokuyinhloko zikhombisa ukukhubazeka ekukhulumeni kolimi noma kumakhono okuqonda, ngezinga elijwayelekile noma eliseduze nelejwayelekile lobuhlakani (IQ ≥ 70), ukuxhumana okuhle okungasho ngomlomo, ngaphandle kwamaphutha ekhwalithi ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, izithakazelo ezinomkhawulo, noma amaphethini okuziphatha aphindaphindwayo. .
I-Schizophrenia Yezingane
Lesi simo siqala ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kokuthomba kanye nasebusheni, ngokukhula okujwayelekile kwangaphambi kokugula. Kancane kancane, izimpawu ezinjengokubona izinto ezingekho, ukuphazamiseka kwemicabango, ukunganaki ngokomzwelo noma ukungahambisani, ukuntuleka kokuthanda, kanye nesici sokuziphatha esiyinqaba se-schizophrenia, okusiza ekwehlukaniseni.
Ukukhubazeka Komqondo
Izingane ezinalokhu kuphazamiseka azinawo amaphutha ekuxhumaneni nomphakathi, futhi nakuba izinga labo lolimi lingase lingenele, lihambisana nezinga lazo lobuhlakani. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane ngesikhathi esisodwa iveza izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-autism kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula kobuhlakani, zombili izifo zokuxilonga zidinga ukucatshangelwa.