Izifo

I-Parkinsonism

I-Parkinson's Disease (PD) isifo sezinzwa esiqhubekayo esiqhubekayo esithinta ngokuyinhloko ama-motor neurons ahilelekile ekulawuleni ukunyakaza. Izici zayo zihlanganisa ukuqina kwemisipha, ukundindizela, ukunyakaza kancane, nokukhubazeka kokulinganisela. I-PD ngokuvamile ivela kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kuya kubantu asebekhulile, futhi njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, iziguli zingase zibe nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene zezimoto nezingezona izimoto.

Xhumana nathi

I-Etiology

Imbangela eqondile ye-Parkinson's Disease ayikaziwa. Izinto ezifana nezakhi zofuzo, amathonya emvelo, ukuguga, ukucindezelwa kwe-oxidative, kanye nokonakala nokufa kwe-PD dopaminergic neurons kungase kudlale indima enqubweni yesifo.

Ukuguga

Kokubili izehlakalo kanye nokusabalala kwe-PD kuyanda ngokuya ngeminyaka. I-PD ivame ukubonakala ngemva kweminyaka engama-60, okusikisela ukuhlotshaniswa nokuguga. Idatha ikhombisa ukuncipha okuqhubekayo kwe-substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons kubantu abadala abajwayelekile njengoba bekhula. Kodwa-ke, ukusabalala kwe-PD phakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 akuphakeme kakhulu, okubonisa ukuguga njengenye yezici eziyingozi ze-PD.

Izakhi Zofuzo

Indima yezici zofuzo ekuqaleni kwe-PD ithola ukuqashelwa. Kusukela kwatholakala isakhi sofuzo sokuqala se-pathogenic se-PD, i-alpha-synuclein (PARK1), ngasekupheleni kwawo-1990, okungenani izakhi zofuzo eziyisithupha ze-pathogenic ziye zahlotshaniswa ne-PD yomndeni. Kodwa-ke, ama-5-10% kuphela amacala e-PD anomlando womndeni, kanti iningi lawo liyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile. Izici zofuzo nazo zingenye yezici eziningi ezinomthelela ekuqalekeni kwe-PD.

Izici Zemvelo

Ngawo-1980, abacwaningi baseMelika ababeholwa nguLangston bathola ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa bahlakulela ngokushesha izimpawu ezifana ne-Parkinson, futhi i-levodopa yabonakala isebenza kahle. Bahlonze into eyi-neurotoxic, i-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), ku-heroin yokwenziwa esetshenziswa yilaba bantu. I-MPTP iguqulwa ebuchosheni ibe yi-1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) enobuthi kakhulu, engena ngokukhetha i-dopaminergic neurons ye-substantia nigra, ivimbele umsebenzi we-mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, icuphe ukusabela kwengcindezi ye-oxidative, futhi iholele ekuwohlokeni nasekuwohlokeni. ukufa kwe-dopaminergic neurons. Abacwaningi bahlongoze ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-mitochondrial kungase kube esinye sezici ze-pathogenic ze-PD. Izifundo ezalandela ezigulini eziyinhloko ze-PD ziqinisekisile ukwehla okukhethiwe ku-mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I ngaphakathi kwe-substantia nigra. Eminye imithi yokubulala ukhula kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane zabelana ngesakhiwo samakhemikhali ne-MPTP. Ukutholakala kwe-MPTP kwaholela ekuqapheliseni ukuthi amakhemikhali athile afana ne-MPTP endaweni ezungezile angaba izici ezinomthelela ku-PD. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa abambalwa kuphela abavezwe ku-MPTP abathuthukise i-PD, okuphakamisa ukuthi i-PD ingase ibe umphumela wokusebenzisana kwezinto eziningi.

Ezinye Izinto

Ngaphezu kokuguga kanye nezici zofuzo, izici ezinjengokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa kwekhofi, njll., zingandisa noma zehlise ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-PD. Ukubhema kuhlotshaniswa ngokuphambene nokwenzeka kwe-PD, isiphetho esingaguquki kuzo zonke izifundo eziningi. I-caffeine nayo ikhombisa imiphumela efanayo yokuvikela. Ukulimala okukhulu kwengqondo okubuhlungu kungase kwandise ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-PD.

Kafushane, Isifo sikaParkinson singase sibe umphumela wokusebenzelana kwezici eziningi zofuzo nezemvelo.

Ukubonakaliswa Komtholampilo

Izimpawu ze-Parkinson's Disease ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa:

Ukuthuthumela: Ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho uphumule, njengokundindizela kwesandla ngesikhathi sokuphumula.

I-Muscle Rigidity: Ukuqina kanye nokumelana nokunyakaza okungahambi kahle okuholela ekuhambeni okulinganiselwe.

Ukunyakaza Okunensayo: Ukunyakaza kuba kancane, futhi ukuhamba kuba kuncane futhi kuyashova.

Ukukhubazeka Kwebhalansi: Ukuthambekela kwezinkinga zebhalansi nomuzwa wokungazinzi.

Izimpawu Ezingezona Ezezimoto: Lezi zihlanganisa ukudangala, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, njll.

Ukuhlola

Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Odokotela bahlola isimo sesimiso sezinzwa ngokuhlola amakhono emoto yesiguli, ukuma, nokulinganisela.

Izifundo Zokucabanga: I-Brain MRI noma i-CT scans isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ezinye izinkinga ezibangela izimpawu.

I-DaTscan: Izikena zemithi yenuzi zisiza ekuhloleni ukusebenza kohlelo lwe-dopamine.

Ukuxilongwa

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Parkinson's Disease kuncike ezimpawini zomtholampilo kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba, futhi ngokuvamile azikho izivivinyo zaselabhorethri eziqondile zokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Odokotela bangase bahlole ngokwemibandela yokuxilonga ye-PD (njengaleyo eyenziwa yi-UK Parkinson's Disease Society) ngezinjongo zokuhlola.